What were the consequences of Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath for the young children of New Orleans, particularly those who started out the furthest behind? What does the evidence suggest about effective large-scale interventions for young children that could successfully reverse the damage and fit into the uncertain timetable of families' return to New Orleans? And what specific plan for young children should be incorporated into the rebuilding of New Orleans? This essay is from an Urban Institute collection that addresses employment, affordable housing, public schools, young children's needs, health care, arts and culture, and vulnerable populations.